CONSEQUENCES OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES ΙΝ ΤΗΕ CARDIOVASCURAL FUNCTION

Authors

  • Ν. ΓΑΛΑΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ
  • Ε. ΚΑΚΟΥΔΑΚΗΣ
  • Π. ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑΔΟΥ
  • Κ. ΓΕΩΡΓΑΡΟΥΔΗΣ
  • Ε. ΤΕΡΖΗ
  • Θ. ΖΑΧΑΡΑΚΗΣ

Keywords:

Rheumatic diseases, Heart function,

Abstract

The majority of rheumatic diseases can involve the cardiovascular function (one or more anatomical structure of the heart as perikarditis, myocarditis, involvement of heart's valves, rythm abnormalities, egt). Of the clinical viewpoint particular value has the involvement of the rheumatoid arthritis (in particular the involνement of heart 's valves), of the systemic lupus erythematosus (in particular myocarditis, involvement of coronary circulation or pulmonary hypertension), of the scleroderma (in particular myocarditis and pulmonary hypertension), of the inflammatory polymyositis (in particular myocarditis), of the Kawasaki's disease (microaneurysms of coronary vessels) as well as of the arteriitis Jakayasu (aorta's aneurysm).

References

Matterson EL, Cohen MD, Cunn DL. Rheumatoid arthriyis: clinical features. In: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Bonfiglio J, Atwater EC. Heart discase in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med; 124:714, 1969

Jhadani V, Iveson MJ. Wright V. Cardiac tamponade, constructive pericarditis and pericardial restriction in rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine; 54: 261, 1975

MacDonald WJJ, Crawford ΜΗ, Κlippel JH, et al. Echo assessment of cardiac structure and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med; 63: 890, 1977

Sergent J, Crawford ΜΗ. Cardiopulmonary symptoms in Rheumatic diseases. Ιn : Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Wislowsk Μ, Sypula S, Kowalik Ι. Echocardiographic finding and 24-h ECG Holter monitoring in patients with nodular and non-nodular rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int; 18: 163,1999

Lebowitz WB.The heart in Rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med; 58: 102. 1963

Situnagake RD, Κitas G. Dyslipidaemia and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis; 36:341, 1997

Svenson ΚL, Lithell Η, Hallgern R, et al. Serum lipoprotein in active RA and other chronic inflammatory arthritides. Arch Inern Med; 147: 1912, 1987

Situnayake RD, Jhurnham DI, Kootathep S, et al. Chain breaking antioxidant status in RA. Ann Rheum Dis; 50: 81, 1991

Karanaugh AF. Dyslipoproteinemia in a subset of patients with RA. Ann Rheum Dis; 53:551, 1994

Asanuma Υ, Kawai S, Aoshima Η, et al. Serum Lp(α) and Lp(α) in patients with RA. Arth- Rheum; 42: 443, 1999

Ettinger WH, Κlinefelter HF, Kwiterowich ΡΟ. Effect of short term low dose corticosteroids on plasma lipoproteins lipids. Atherosclerosis; 63: 167, 1987

Wallace DJ, Metzger AL, Strecher VJ, et al. Cholesterol lowering effect of HCQ in patients with RA. Am J med; 89: 322, 1990

Benyen AC. Can chloroquine be οf value in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia? Artery; 13: 340, 1986

Londen JR. HCQ and post-operative thrombo-embolic after ΤAR. Am J Med; 85:57, 1988

Bergfeldt L, Insulander Ρ, Lindblom D, et al. HLA-B27: an important genetic risk factor fοr lone aortic regurgitation and severe conduction system abnormalities. Am J Med; 85: 12, 1988

Graham DC, Smythe ΗΑ. The carditis and aortitis of AS. Bull Rheum Dis; 9: 171, 1958

Joussirot Ε, Bahjaoni-Bonhabbi Μ, Poncet JC, et al. Abnormal autonomic cardiovascular control in AS. Ann Rheum Dis; 58: 481, 1999

Roldon CA, Chaver J, Wiest PW, et al. Aortic root disease and valve disease associated with AS. J Am Coll Cardiol; 32: 1397, 1998

Espinoza LR, Guellar ML. PsA and Spondylitis: a clinical approach. Ιn: The Spondylarthritides, edited by Calin Α, Janrog JD, Oxford University Press, 1998

Scherak Ο, Kolarz G, Popp W, et al. Long involvement in RF-negative arthritis. J Rheumatol; 22: 225, 1993

Joiranen Α. Reactive arthritis. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Klippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Wright V, Moll JMH, eds. Seronegative Polyarthritis. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Combany; 1976

Gladman DD, Urowitz WB. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Clinical features. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Bulkey BJt, Roberts WC. The heart in SLE and the changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy. Am J Med; 58: 243, 1975

Zashin SJ, Lipsky ΡΕ. Pericarditis tambonade complicating SLE. J Rheumatol; 16: 374, 1989

Kaufman LD, Seifer FC, Eilbott DJ, et al. Candida repicarditis and tamponade in a patient with SLE. Arch Intern Med; 148: 715, 1988

Coe MD, Hamer DH, Leνy CS, et al. Gonococcal pericarditis in a patient with SLE. Arth- Rheum; 33:1438, 1990

Badnie Ε, Galcia-Rubi D, Robles Ε, et al. Cardiovascular manifestaion in SLE. Angiology; 36:431, 1985

Hosenpud JD, Montanaro Α, Hart ΜΥ, et al. Myocardial perfusion abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with SLE. Am. J Med; 77: 286, 1984

Naarendrorp Μ, Kerr LD, Κhan AS, et al. Dramatic improvement of left ventricular function after cytotoxic therapy in Lupus Patients with acute cardiomyopathy. J Rheumatol; 26: 2257, 1999

Κlinkhoff ΑV, Jhomson CR, reid GH, et al. Μ-mode and two dimensional echo abnormalities in SLE. JAMA;253: 3273, 1985

Lehman TJA, Palmeri ST, Hasting C, et al. Bacterial endocardiιis complicating SLE. J Rheumatol; 10:655, 1983

Harris Ν. Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Chartash Ε, Lans DM, Payct SA, et al. Aortic insufficiency and mitral regurgitation in patients with SLE. Am J Med; 86: 407, 1989

Κhamashta ΜΑ, Cervera R, Asherson RA, et al. Association of ΑΡΑ with heart valve disease in SLE. Lancet;1: 1541-4, 1990

Roldan CA, Shively BR, Crawford ΜΗ. Αn echo-study of valvular heart disease assocaited with SLE. Ν Engl J Med; 335: 1424, 1996

Rantapaa-Dahlquist S, Neuman-Andersen G, Backman C, et al. Echo-findings, lipids and Lp(α) in patients with SLE. Clin rheumatol; 16: 140, 1997

Petri Μ, Perez-Guttham S, Spence D, et al. Risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients with SLE. Am J Med; 93: 513, 1992

Manzi S, Meilahn ΕΝ, Raizie JE, et al. Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infraction and angina in women with SLE. ΑΜ J Epidemiol; 145: 408, 1997

Ward ΜΜ. Premature morbitity from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in women with SLE. Arth-Rheum;42: 338, 1999

Li ΕΚ, Tam L-S. Pulmonary hypertension in SLE. J Rheumatol; 26: 1923, 1999

Christman BW, McPherson CD, Newman JH, et al. Imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metaboliιcs in pulmonary hypertension. Ν Engl J Med; 327: 70, 1992

Rahmay Ρ, Urowitz ΜΒ, Gladman DG, et al. Contribution of traditional risk factors to coronary artery disease in patients with SLE. J. Rhematol;26: 2363, 1999

Petzi Μ, Pter-Gutthann S, Spence D, et al. Risk factors for CAD in patients with SLE. Am J Med;93: 513, 1992

Gruberg ΗΝ. Lipoprotein metabolism and its relationship tο atherosclerosis. Med Clin Ν Am; 79: 951, 1995

Ames PRJ. Medical perspectives: ΑΡΑ, thrombosis and atheroscrlerosis in SLE. Lupus;3: 371, 1994

The heart in SLE and the changed induced in it by corticosteroid therapy. Am J Med; 58: 243, 1975

Haider YS, Roberts WC. Coronary artery disease in SLE. Am J Med; 70:775, 1981

Ettinger WH, Goldberg ΑΡ, Applebaum-Bwden D, et al. Dyslipoproteinemia in SLE. Am J Med; 83: 503, 1987

Ettinger WH, Hazzard WR. Elevated apo-B levels in corticosteroid treated patients with SLE. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 67: 425, 1988

Bruce JN, Urowitz ΜΒ, Gladman DD, et al. Natural history of hypercholesterolemia in SLE. J Rheumatol;26: 2137, 1999

Petri Μ, Spencer D, Bone LR, et al. Coronary artery disease risk factors in Johs Hopkins Lupus Cohort. Medicine;71: 291, 1992

Hodis ΗΝ, Quismorio Fl, Wiskham Ε, et al. The lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein effects of HCQ in patients with SLE. J Rheumatol; 20: 661, 1993

Rahman Ρ, Gladman DD, Vrowitz ΜΒ, et al. The cholesterol lowering effect of antimalarials drugs is enhanced in patients with lupus taking corticosteroids. J Rheumatol; 26: 325, 1999

Borda EF, Santos RD, Bunfa Ε, eι al. Lp(a) levels in SLE. J Rheumatol; 21:220. 1994

Deswal Α, Follansbee WP. Carciac involvement in scleroderma. Rheum Dis North Αm; 22: 841, ]996

Seibold JR. Systemic sclerosis-clinical features. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by ΚJippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Mc Whorter JE, LeRox EC. Pericardial discase ίn scleroderma. Am J Med; 56: 566, 1974

Byers RJ, Marshall DAS, Freeιηant AJ. Pericarcliac involvement in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis;56: 393, 1997

Qu Ζ, Liebler JM, Powers MR, et al. Mast cells are a major source of basic FGF in chronic inflamation and cutaneous hemagioma. Am J Path; 147: 564, 1995

Lee Choi, Claman ΗΝ. Mast cells fibroblasts and fibrosis. Immunol Res; 6: 145, 1987

Siever RM, Metcalf JF, Stanley JH, et al. Interstitial lung disease in scleroderma. Analysis with BAL. Arth-Rheum; 27: 1254, 1984

D' Angello WA, Fries JF, Masi ΑΤ, et al. Pathologic observations in systemic sclerosis. Am J med; 46: 428, 1969

Follansbee WP. The cardiovascular manifestaions of systemic sclerosis. Curr Prob Cardiol; 11: 242, 1986

Follansbee WP, Miller JR, Curtiss ΕΙ, et al. Α cotrolled clinicopathologic study of myocardial fibrosis in scleroderma. Rheumatol; 17: 656, 1990

Wislowka Μ, Sypula S, KowalikI. Echo findings, 24-h ECG Holter monitoring in patients with RA according to Steinbrocker criteria, functional index, value of Waaler-Rose titre and duration of disease. Clin Rheumatol; 17: 369, 1998

Furst DΕ, Clements PJ, Saabm, et al. Clinical and serological comparison of chronic PSS and if CREST syndrome patients matched for sex, age and disease duration. Αnn Rheum Dis; 43: 794, 1984

Young RH, Mark GJ. Pulmonary vascular changes in scleroderma. Am J Med; 64: 998, 1978

Ungerer RG, Tashkin DP, Furst D, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of pulmonary arterial hypertension in PSS. Am J Med; 75: 65, 1983

Murata Ι, Jakenaka Κ, Shiyohata S, et al. Diversity of myocardial involvement in systemic sclerosis. Am Heart J; 135: 960, 1998

Ferri G, Bello V, Martini Α, et al. Heart involvement in systemic sclerosis. Αnn Rheum Dis; 57: 296, 1998

Kahan Α, Nitenberg Α, Fonet JM, et al. Dccreased coronary reserve in primary scleroderma myocardial disease. Arth-Rheum;28: 637, 1985

Bulkley ΒΗ, Ridolfi RL, Salyer WR, et al. Myocardial lessions of progressive systemic sclerosis. Circulation; 53: 483, 1976

James JN. Coronary arteries and conduction system in scleroderma heart disease. Circulation; 50: 844, 1974

Candell-Pierra J, Armadas-Gil L, Carmen-Pilar S, et al. Comprehensive noninvasive in limited systemic sclerosis

Steen VD, Fullansbee WP, Conte CG, et al. Thallium perfusion defects predict subsequent cardiac dysfunction in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arth-Rheum; 39: 677, 1996

Carmen-Pilaris S, Armadans L, Fonollosa V, et al. Surνival prognostic factors and markers of morbitity in Spanish patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis; 56: 723, 1997

Anvari Α, Graninger W, Schneider Β, et al. Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis. Arth-Rheum; 35: 1356, 1992

Gordon Μ-Μ, Madhok R. Fatal myocardial necrosis. Ann Rheum Dis; 58: 198, 1999

Maione S, Yalentini G, Giunta Α, et al. An evaluation of cardiac structures and function in systemic sclerosis by Doppler echocardiography. Cardiology; 79: 165, 1991

Hanpt ΗΜ, Hutchins GM. The heart and cardiac conducιing system in PM/DM. Am J Cardiol; 50: 998, 1982

Stern R, Goodbold JH, Chess Q, eι al. ECG abnormalities in ΡΜ. Arch Intery Med; 44:2185, 1984

Medsger Jh, Oddis CV. Inflammatory muscle disease-clinical features.

Anders HJ, Wanders Α, Rihl Μ, et al. Myocardial fibrosis in ΡΜ. J Rheumatol; 26: 1840, 1999

Conn DL. Polyarteritis. Ιn : Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Furtin PR, Larson MG, Watters ΑΚ, et al. Prognostic Factors in systemic necrotising vasculitis of ΡΝ group. J Rheumatol; 22: 78, 1995

Hoffman GS, Fanci AS. Wegener granulomatosis. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Hung DLΤ, Weschler Β, Papo Jh, et al. Endomyocardial fibrosis in Behcet disease. Ann Rheum Dis; 56: 205, 1997

Murata I, Jakenaka Κ, Shinohara S, et al. Diversity of myocardial involvement in SS. Am Heart J; 135: 960, 1998

Κirali Κ, Civelek Α, Daglar Β, et al. Αn uncommon complication of Behcet's disease. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg; 46: 102, 1998

Mendeses LA, Mayraw LL, Alden GS, et al. Right vantricular thrombus: an unusual manifestaion of Behcet disease. J Am Soc Echocardiology; 7: 438, 1994

Schimizu J, Ehrlich GE, Inaba G, et al. Behcet's disease. Sem Arth-Rheum; 8: 223, 1979

Hamza Μ. Les manifestaions cardiovasculaires de la maladie de Behcet. 1st Mediterranean Symp. Instanbul: 26, 1988

Lakhanpal S, Jani Κ, Lie JT, et al. Pathologic features of Behcet's syndrome. Hum Pathol; 16: 790, 1985

Bletry Ο, Mahattane Α, Weschler Β, et al. Atteite Cardique de la maladie de Behcet. Presse Med; 17: 2388, 1988

ΕΙ Ramahi ΚΜ, Fawry ΜΕ, Sieck JO, et al. Cardiac and pulmonary involvement in Behcet's disease. Scand J Rheumatol; 20:373, 1991

Kato Η, Ichionose Ε, Kawasaki Τ. Myocardial infractory artery lesions of Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr; 108:923, 1986

Suzuki Α, Kamiya J, Kuwahaza Ν, et al. Coronary artery lesions of Kawasaki disease. Pediatr. Cardiol; 7: 3, 1986

Lhote F, Guillevin LP. Churg-Srauss syndrome. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Klippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Caballero J, Zayaas R, Azana R, et al. Churg - Strauss Syndrome with pericardial and myocardial involvement. Rev Esp Cardiol; 52: 745, 1999

Lanham JG, Elckon ΚΒ, Pusey CD, et al. Systemic vasculitis with asthma and eosinophilia. Medicine; 63: 65, 1984

Keystone EC. Takayasus's arteritis. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Aoyagi S, Akashi Η, Kawara Τ, et al. Aortic rοοt replacement for Takayasu arteritis associated with ulcerative colitis and As. Jpn Cire J; 62: 64, 1998

Hazleman BL. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ιn: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Rantapaa-Dahllquist S, Backman C, Sandryren Η, et al. Echo findings in patients with Pss. Clin Rheumatol; 12: 214, 1993

Gyongyosi Μ, Pokoruy G, Jambrik Ζ, et al. Cardiac manifestaion in Pss. Ann Rheum Dis; 55: 450, 1996

Baumgart DC, Gerl Η, Dorner Jh. Complete heart block cansed by primary Sjogren syndrome and hypopituitarism. Letter

Iguch Κ, Kusaka Μ, Okagawa Κ, et al. An autopsied case of Sjogren's syndrome associated with IgAk monoclonal gammopathy and hypopituitarism

Janeichi Κ, Shibaki Η. Sjogren syndrome with partial hypopituitarism and renal tubular acidosis. Ryumachi; 26: 284, 1986

Dohetry Μ, Dieppe Ρ. Crystal-related arthropathies. Ιn: Rheumatology, ed. Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997

Emmerson ΒΤ. Abnormal urate excretion associated renal and systemic disorders, drugs, toxins. Ιn: Kelley WN, Weiner ΙΜ eds. Uric acid C Handbook Exp Pharm, vol 51, Berlin Springer Verlag: 287, 1978

Moriwaki Υ, Yamamoto J, Takahashi S, et al. Apolipoprotein Ε phenotypes in palients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis; 54: 351, 1995

De Deuxchaises CN, Devogelaer J-P. Paget's disease of the bone. In: Rheumatology, edited by Κlippel JH, Dieppe ΡΑ, Mosby, 1997