Προπονητική επιβάρυνση και μυϊκοί τραυματισμοί στο ποδόσφαιρο
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
εξωτερική επιβάρυνση, τεχνητή νοημοσύνη, ισοκινητική αξιολόγηση, οπίσθιοι μηριαίοιΠερίληψη
Η προπονητική επιβάρυνση στο ποδόσφαιρο μπορεί να ταξινομηθεί σε «εξωτερική», δηλαδή αποστάσεις που καλύπτονται με διαφορετικές ταχύτητες κίνησης και «εσωτερική», η οποία περιλαμβάνει τις φυσιολογικές και ψυχολογικές αποκρίσεις του οργανισμού στην «εξωτερική» επιβάρυνση, όπως για παράδειγμα η καρδιακή συχνότητα και η αντιλαμβανόμενη κόπωση. Οι μυϊκοί τραυματισμοί συνδέονται με έναν σημαντικό αριθμό παραγόντων οι οποίοι, ανάλογα με τη βαρύτητά τους, μεταβάλλουν την πιθανότητα για να τραυματιστεί ένας παίκτης. Η απότομη αύξηση της προπονητικής επιβάρυνσης αποτελεί παράγοντα κινδύνου για την εμφάνιση μυϊκών τραυματισμών, ενώ η συνεχής καταγραφή και ανάλυση του προπονητικού φορτίου συμβάλλει σημαντικά ώστε να αποφευχθούν. Η κόπωση είναι επίσης σημαντικός παράγοντας που αυξάνει τον κίνδυνο τραυματισμού και έτσι οι παίκτες χρειάζεται να έχουν πολύ καλή φυσική κατάσταση για να μπορέσουν να ανταποκριθούν. Η έντονη προπόνηση, η οποία γίνεται με προγραμματισμό και τηρώντας τις αρχές της προπονητικής (προοδευτικότητα, αποκατάσταση κλπ.) αποτελεί απαραίτητο παράγοντα για την αποφυγή μυϊκών τραυματισμών. Τέλος, η καλή τεχνική τρεξίματος και ειδικότερα η σωστή θέση της λεκάνης, όχι μόνο επηρεάζει την απόδοση αλλά και μειώνει την πιθανότητα μυϊκών τραυματισμών.
Αναφορές
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