Συχνότητα εμφάνισης πτώσεων και προσδιορισμός προφίλ κινδύνου πτώσεων σε άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας στην Ελλάδα
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
πτώσεις, παράγοντες κινδύνου πτώσεων, άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας, ΕλλάδαΠερίληψη
Οι πτώσεις στην τρίτη ηλικία είναι ένα μείζον ζήτημα δημόσιας υγείας στις σύγχρονες γηράσκουσες κοινωνίες. Η πρόληψη πτώσεων ξεκινά με τον εντοπισμό ατόμων υψηλού κινδύνου πτώσης ώστε να γίνουν οι κατάλληλες παρεμβάσεις, περιλαμβανομένων παρεμβάσεων άσκησης. Η παρούσα έρευνα είχε στόχο να καταγράψει τη συχνότητα εμφάνισης πτώσεων και να προσδιορίσει ένα προφίλ υψηλού κινδύνου πτώσεων σε άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας στην Ελλάδα. Συνολικά 207 άτομα (μέση ηλικία 72.7±6.3 έτη, 83% γυναίκες), που προσκλήθηκαν κυρίως μέσα από Κ.Α.Π.Η. και πολιτιστικούς συλλόγους του Νομού Ροδόπης, αξιολογήθηκαν ως προς μια σειρά γνωστών παραγόντων κινδύνου, συμπεριλαμβανομένων δημογραφικών, κλινικών, ψυχολογικών χαρακτηριστικών και φυσικής κατάστασης. Εφαρμόστηκαν Τεστ χ2 και πολυπαραγοντική λογιστική παλινδρόμηση για την ανάλυση των δεδομένων. Στο μοντέλο της παλινδρόμησης σημαντικοί προβλεπτικοί παράγοντες κινδύνου πτώσης ήταν προβλήματα ισορροπίας, κατάθλιψη, φύλο και εκπαιδευτικό επίπεδο. Συγκεκριμένα, για μία μονάδα μείωση στην κλίμακα Berg Balance Scale υπήρχε 14.8% αύξηση στην πιθανότητα πτώσης, άτομα με κατάθλιψη διέτρεχαν σχεδόν τρεις φορές μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο πτώσης, γυναίκες 3.4 φορές και άτομα με τριτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση 1.6 φορές περισσότερες πιθανότητες πτώσης. Τα ευρήματα αυτά μπορούν να συμβάλουν στην ευαισθητοποίηση πολιτών και επαγγελματιών διαφόρων ειδικοτήτων, ως προς την ανάγκη για πρόληψη πτώσεων και συγκεκριμένα προαγωγής της άσκησης ειδικά σε άτομα τρίτης ηλικίας που έχουν το παραπάνω προφίλ.
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