Technological systems and applications for internal and external workload monitoring in soccer
Keywords:
Training load, internal load, external load, general adaptation syndrome, global positioning systemAbstract
Training load (TL) monitoring is normally applied to assess the physical work an athlete performs in training (i.e., external load) and the athlete’s within-training response to that physical work (i.e., internal load). The aim of physiological load monitoring is to assess and manage the overall stress that each player bears through internal and external challenges during the pre-season and in-season. The above challenges lead to a disturbance of the body's homeostasis through a variety of physio-chemical responses which, in terms of their training and competition spectrum, are explained through the "General Adaptation Syndrome". The external and internal stresses that determine the stress imposed on footballers are determined by spatio-temporal positioning systems during training and competition. The extensive use of physiological load recording tools and methods in football is essentially aimed at individualizing training to improve competitive performance and reduce the risk of injury by focusing on aspects related to athletic performance, physiological status, biochemical profile and mental acuity. In this context, in addition to analysing biological samples, recording physiological indicators and using individual psychometric tools and other scales, Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and its interface with other microelectromechanical sensors have been significantly developed and adapted to football. All of the above allows for multidimensional recording of direct and resultant quantities, which are statistically analysed to give a direct and complete picture of the footballer's response to the challenges to which he is exposed.
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